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Linux（CentOS7.5）下安裝Oracle11g具體方法
oracle 11g客戶端是一款出自甲骨文公司之手的專業(yè)化關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)，oracle 11g客戶端功能強(qiáng)勁，具有高效性、安全性、穩(wěn)定性和延展性等特點(diǎn)，世界上的幾乎所有大型信息化系統(tǒng)都在應(yīng)用Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù)，下面為大家分享一下Linux（CentOS 7.5）下安裝Oracle 11g具體方法。
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1.安裝前環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
1.1.配置本地yum源
#因公司內(nèi)網(wǎng)環(huán)境，沒(méi)有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，所以需要配置本地yum源，安裝所需依賴包等。
#掛載ios鏡像centos7.5-1804
[root@oracle ~]#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
#備份原配置文件
[root@oracle ~]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@oracle ~]#mkdir bak
[root@oracle ~]#mv * bak
#創(chuàng)建yum配置文件
[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
#添加以下內(nèi)容
[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
#清空yum所有源信息
[root@oracle ~]#yum clean all
#查看本地源的所有軟件
[root@oracle ~]#yum list
1.2上傳解壓oracle 11g安裝包
#將下載的linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip解壓到/usr/local/apps/oracle目錄
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/apps/oracle
[root@oracle ~]# cd /usr/local/apps/oracle
[root@oracle oracle]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip && unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
#沒(méi)有安裝unzip命令工具的安裝一下
[root@oracle ~]# yum install unzip –y
#解壓后會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)database目錄，即/usr/local/apps/oracle/database，目錄里面是oracle11g企業(yè)版的安裝文件
1.3.給本機(jī)服務(wù)IP地址作個(gè)映射
#添加本機(jī)IP地址和主機(jī)名
[root@oracle oracle]# vim /etc/hosts
10.0.0.10 oracle
1.4.關(guān)閉selinux
#修改SELINUX=disabled
[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@oracle ~]#setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
1.5.關(guān)閉防火墻
[root@oracle ~]#service iptables stop
[root@oracle ~]#systemctl stop firewalld
[root@oracle ~]#systemctl disable firewalld
1.6.安裝Oracle 11g依賴包
[root@oracle ~]#yum install gcc make ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel –y
1.7.添加安裝用戶和用戶組
#創(chuàng)建用戶組
[root@oracle ~]#groupadd oinstall
[root@oracle ~]#groupadd dba
#創(chuàng)建oracle用戶并指定用戶組
[root@oracle ~]#useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
#為oracle用戶設(shè)置密碼
[root@oracle ~]#passwd oracle
#查看用戶信息
[root@oracle ~]#id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) 組=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
#如顯示以上類似信息則表示添加用戶和用戶組成功
1.8.修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)
[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/sysctl.conf
#添加以下內(nèi)容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
#其中shmmax是單個(gè)共享內(nèi)存段的最大值，一般設(shè)置為本機(jī)物理內(nèi)存的一半，單位為byte，可根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況做相應(yīng)調(diào)整
#使新內(nèi)核參數(shù)生效
[root@oracle ~]#sysctl –p
1.9.修改用戶的限制文件
[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/security/limits.conf#添加以下內(nèi)容oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft stack 10240
1.10.修改/etc/pam.d/login文件
[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/pam.d/login#添加以下內(nèi)容session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so
1.11.修改/etc/profile文件
[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/profile#添加以下內(nèi)容if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; thenif [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fifi#使之生效[root@oracle ~]#source /etc/profile
1.12.創(chuàng)建安裝目錄和設(shè)置文件權(quán)限
[root@oracle ~]#mkdir -p /usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0[root@oracle ~]#mkdir /usr/local/apps/oracle/oradata[root@oracle ~]#mkdir /usr/local/apps/oracle/inventory[root@oracle ~]#mkdir /usr/local/apps/oracle/fast_recovery_area[root@oracle ~]#chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local/apps/oracle[root@oracle ~]#chmod -R 775 /usr/local/apps/oracle
1.13.設(shè)置oracle用戶環(huán)境變量
[root@oracle ~]#su - oracle#此處注意，切換用戶時(shí)切記要加"-"，加-會(huì)擁有目標(biāo)用戶的環(huán)境變量，不加"-"則沒(méi)有，詳細(xì)的可自行網(wǎng)上搜索找解答[oracle@oracle ~]$vi .bash_profile#添加如下內(nèi)容ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/apps/oracleORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0ORACLE_SID=orclPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_BASEexport ORACLE_HOMEexport ORACLE_SIDexport PATH#使配置生效[oracle@oracle ~]$source .bash_profile
1.14.編輯靜默安裝響應(yīng)文件
[oracle@oracle ~]$cp -R /usr/local/apps/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle[oracle@oracle ~]$cd /home/oracle/response[oracle@oracle ~]$vi db_install.rsp#需要設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)如下,注意只修改以下設(shè)置，其他設(shè)置不變，否則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)。oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLYORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracleUNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstallINVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/apps/oracle/inventorySELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CNORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/apps/oracleoracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EEoracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dbaDECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
2根據(jù)響應(yīng)文件靜默安裝Oracle11g Enterprise Edition企業(yè)版
[oracle@oracle ~]$cd /usr/local/apps/oracle/database[oracle@oracle ~]$./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq#Oracle開(kāi)始在后臺(tái)靜默安裝，如果提示Successfully則表示安裝成功#按照要求執(zhí)行腳本，打開(kāi)終端，以root用戶登錄，執(zhí)行腳本[root@oracle ~]#/usr/local/apps/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh[root@oracle ~]#/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
3.以靜默方式配置監(jiān)聽(tīng)
#以oracle用戶登錄，執(zhí)行[oracle@oracle ~]$netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp#通過(guò)netstat命令查看1521端口是否在監(jiān)聽(tīng)中[oracle@oracle ~]$ss -tnulp | grep 1521
4.以靜默方式建立新庫(kù)，同時(shí)也建立一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)例
4.1.修改dbca.rsp配置文件
[oracle@oracle ~]$vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp#設(shè)置以下參數(shù)[CREATEDATABASE]GDBNAME = "orcl"SID = "orcl"SYSPASSWORD = "123456"SYSTEMPASSWORD = "123456"SYSMANPASSWORD = "123456"DBSNMPPASSWORD = "123456"DATAFILEDESTINATION =/usr/local/apps/oracle/oradataRECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/usr/local/apps/oracle/fast_recovery_areaCHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"TOTALMEMORY = "800"#其中TOTALMEMORY = "800"為800MB，一般設(shè)置為物理內(nèi)存的80%
4.2.進(jìn)行靜默配置創(chuàng)建實(shí)例
[oracle@oracle ~]$dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp#建庫(kù)后進(jìn)行實(shí)例進(jìn)程檢查[oracle@oracle ~]$ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep#查看監(jiān)聽(tīng)狀態(tài)[oracle@oracle ~]$lsnrctl status#登錄查看實(shí)例狀態(tài)[oracle@oracle ~]$sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> select status from v$instance;#如顯示STATUS------------OPEN#則表示實(shí)例是啟動(dòng)狀態(tài)#查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編碼SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;#查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)版本SQL> select * from v$version;
5.Oracle開(kāi)機(jī)自啟動(dòng)設(shè)置
5.1.修改啟動(dòng)腳本文件
#修改/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart[oracle@oracle ~]$vi /usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart#將ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改為ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME#修改/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut[oracle@oracle ~]$vi /usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut#將ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改為ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
5.2.修改/etc/oratab文件
[oracle@oracle ~]$vi /etc/oratab
#將orcl:/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0:N中最后的N改為Y，成為orcl:/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
#輸入dbshut和dbstart測(cè)試
[oracle@oracle ~]$dbshut
#Oracle監(jiān)聽(tīng)停止，進(jìn)程消失
[oracle@oracle ~]$dbstart
#Oracle監(jiān)聽(tīng)啟動(dòng)，進(jìn)程啟動(dòng)
5.3.切換到root賬戶建立自啟動(dòng)腳本
[oracle@oracle ~]$su -
[root@oracle ~]#vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
#添加以下內(nèi)容（有些值如ORA_HOME和ORA_USER等根據(jù)實(shí)際情況可以修改）：
#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
ORA_HOME=/usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Oracle databases:
echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done"
# Start the Listener:
echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;
'stop')
# Stop the Oracle Listener:
echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
# Stop the Oracle Database:
echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo ""
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
;;
'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac
5.4.修改/etc/init.d/oracle服務(wù)文件權(quán)限
[root@oracle ~]#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
5.5.添加開(kāi)機(jī)自啟服務(wù)
[root@oracle ~]#chkconfig oracle on
5.6.需要在關(guān)機(jī)或重啟機(jī)器之前停止數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，做一下操作
#關(guān)機(jī)
[root@oracle ~]ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle
#重啟
[root@oracle ~]ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle
#進(jìn)行測(cè)試
[root@oracle ~]# service oracle start #啟動(dòng)oracle
[root@oracle ~]# service oracle stop #關(guān)閉oracle
5.7.重啟查看Oracle監(jiān)聽(tīng)和實(shí)例進(jìn)程是否均能自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)
[root@oracle ~]#reboot
新聞名稱：Linux（CentOS7.5）下安裝Oracle11g具體方法
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