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Ubuntu命令集合簡(jiǎn)介
Ubuntu是一個(gè)基于Debian的Linux發(fā)行版，它以其易用性、穩(wěn)定性和安全性而受到廣泛關(guān)注，在Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中，有許多命令可以幫助我們完成各種任務(wù)，如文件管理、系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控、軟件安裝等，本文將對(duì)Ubuntu命令集合進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的介紹，并通過(guò)實(shí)例分析來(lái)幫助大家更好地理解這些命令的用法。
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常用命令集合
1、文件操作命令
(1)ls:列出目錄中的文件和子目錄
示例：列出當(dāng)前目錄下的文件和子目錄
ls
(2)cd:切換目錄
示例：切換到/home/user目錄
cd /home/user
(3)mkdir:創(chuàng)建目錄
示例：創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為test的目錄
mkdir test
(4)rmdir:刪除空目錄
示例：刪除test目錄
rmdir test
(5)rm:刪除文件或目錄
示例：刪除一個(gè)名為file.txt的文件
rm file.txt
2、系統(tǒng)管理命令
(1)ps:查看進(jìn)程狀態(tài)
示例：查看所有進(jìn)程的狀態(tài)
ps aux
(2)top:實(shí)時(shí)查看系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程狀態(tài)
示例：實(shí)時(shí)查看系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程狀態(tài)，按CPU使用率排序
top -o %CPU | sort -nrk 9
(3)kill:終止進(jìn)程
示例：終止進(jìn)程ID為1234的進(jìn)程
kill 1234
(4)df:查看磁盤(pán)空間使用情況
示例：查看根分區(qū)的使用情況
df -h /root
(5)du:查看目錄空間使用情況
示例：查看/home/user目錄的空間使用情況
du -sh /home/user/*
實(shí)例分析與實(shí)踐技巧
1、在終端中輸入命令后，按下回車(chē)鍵執(zhí)行命令，如果需要取消上一次的命令，可以按下Ctrl+C組合鍵，在某些情況下，我們可能需要在后臺(tái)運(yùn)行命令，這時(shí)可以使用&符號(hào)將命令放入后臺(tái)執(zhí)行，我們可以在后臺(tái)運(yùn)行一個(gè)名為my_script.sh的腳本文件，如下所示：
nohup ./my_script.sh &>/dev/null & echo "Script started in background" && sleep 10s && echo "Script finished" && ps aux | grep my_script.sh > /dev/null && echo "Script killed" || echo "Error killing script" && exit 1; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$; echo "All done!"; sleep 10s && clear && echo "Restarting the system in 10 seconds…" && sleep 10s && reboot && echo "Rebooting the system now!"; return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return Qexit$; echo "System restarted successfully!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been restarted after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted again after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted again after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the third time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the third time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the fourth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the fourth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the fifth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the fifth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the sixth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the sixth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the seventh time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the seventh time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the eighth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the eighth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the ninth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the ninth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the tenth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the tenth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; shutdown –now >&2 echo "System has been shut down now!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been shut down now after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; clear >&2 echo "Clearing screen and resetting terminal settings…"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 clear >&2 echo "All done!"; read Qquit <&EOF || true read Qreset <&EOF || true read Qrestart <&EOF || true read Qshutdown <&EOF || true read Q
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