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在C語(yǔ)言中有一種語(yǔ)句不實(shí)現(xiàn)任何功能,但是會(huì)耗費(fèi)CPU時(shí)間,這種語(yǔ)句叫做什么?
sleep()???這是windows函數(shù),但也不是耗費(fèi)cpu時(shí)間,線程的操作
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c語(yǔ)言函數(shù)times()問(wèn)題
times() 函數(shù) | 獲取進(jìn)程時(shí)間函數(shù)
函數(shù)原型 :
引用
#include sys/times.h
clock_t times (struct tms * buf );
函數(shù)功能 :
獲取進(jìn)程時(shí)間。
說(shuō)明 :
times() 函數(shù)返回從過(guò)去一個(gè)任意的時(shí)間點(diǎn)所經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)鐘數(shù)。返回值可能會(huì)超出 clock_t (一般為 long 型) 的范圍(溢出)。如果發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤,則返回 (clock_t ) -1 類型,然后設(shè)置相應(yīng)的 errno 值。
系統(tǒng)每秒的時(shí)鐘可以通過(guò) sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK); 函數(shù)獲得。關(guān)于 sysconf() 函數(shù)的詳細(xì)信息見(jiàn):
上面 _SC_CLK_TCK 的值為 2,因?yàn)樗?/usr/include/bits/confname.h 頭文件的一個(gè)枚舉類型里定義。
struct tms 結(jié)構(gòu)體定義在 sys/times.h 頭文件里,具體定義如下:
引用
/* Structure describing CPU time used by a process and its children. */
struct tms
{
clock_t tms_utime ; /* User CPU time. 用戶程序 CPU 時(shí)間*/
clock_t tms_stime ; /* System CPU time. 系統(tǒng)調(diào)用所耗費(fèi)的 CPU 時(shí)間 */
clock_t tms_cutime ; /* User CPU time of dead children. 已死掉子進(jìn)程的 CPU 時(shí)間*/
clock_t tms_cstime ; /* System CPU time of dead children. 已死掉子進(jìn)程所耗費(fèi)的系統(tǒng)調(diào)用 CPU 時(shí)間*/
};
實(shí)例驗(yàn)證 times() 函數(shù)
測(cè)試代碼-1 :
引用
#include stdio.h
#include unistd.h
#include stdlib.h
#include sys/times.h
int main ()
{
struct tms time_buf_head , time_buf_end ;
long tck = 0 ;
clock_t time_head , time_end ;
tck = sysconf (_SC_CLK_TCK ); /*獲取系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘(1秒里有多少個(gè))*/
time_head = times ( time_buf_head ); /*進(jìn)程運(yùn)行到此時(shí)的系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘數(shù)(總的)*/
printf ("head_time is : %f \n " , time_head / (double )tck ); /*此時(shí)進(jìn)程所處的時(shí)間點(diǎn)(單位為秒)*/
//system ("./time_test.exe");
system ("sleep 2" ); /*睡眠2秒*/
time_end = times ( time_buf_end ); /*進(jìn)程到此時(shí)的系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘數(shù)*/
printf ("end_time is : %f \n " , time_end / (double )tck ); /*此時(shí)進(jìn)程所處的時(shí)間點(diǎn)(單位為秒)*/
printf ("user time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_utime - time_buf_head . tms_utime ) / double )tck )); /*打印出用戶進(jìn)程到此所經(jīng)歷時(shí)間*/
printf ("systime time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_stime - time_buf_head . tms_stime ) / double )tck ));
printf ("child user time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_cutime - time_buf_head . tms_cutime ) / (double )tck ));
printf ("child sys time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_cstime - time_buf_head . tms_cstime ) / (double )tck ));
return (0 );
} ( (
運(yùn)行輸出 :
引用
beyes@beyes-groad:~$ ./time.exe
head_time is : 17236892.770000
end_time is : 17236894.790000
user time is : 0.000000
systime time is : 0.000000
child user time is : 0.000000
child sys time is : 0.000000
上面藍(lán)色部分的時(shí)間間隔剛好是 2s 。從上面看到,下面的時(shí)間值都是 0。為了驗(yàn)證問(wèn)題,現(xiàn)在修改一下源程序:
引用
#include sys/types.h
#include sys/stat.h
#include stdio.h
#include unistd.h
#include stdlib.h
#include fcntl.h
#include sys/times.h
int main ()
{
struct tms time_buf_head , time_buf_end ;
long tck = 0 ;
clock_t time_head , time_end ;
int i ;
int j ;
tck = sysconf (_SC_CLK_TCK );
time_head = times ( time_buf_head );
printf ("head_time is : %f \n " , time_head / (double )tck );
/*延遲測(cè)試用*/
for (i = 0 ; i 20000 ; i ++ )
for (j = 0 ; j 20000 ; j ++ ) {
;
}
time_end = times ( time_buf_end );
printf ("end_time is : %f \n " , time_end / (double )tck );
printf ("user time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_utime - time_buf_head . tms_utime ) / double )tck )); /*用戶進(jìn)程所耗費(fèi)的時(shí)間*/
printf ("systime time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_stime - time_buf_head . tms_stime ) / (double )tck ));
printf ("child user time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_cutime - time_buf_head . tms_cutime ) / (double )tck ));
printf ("child sys time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_cstime - time_buf_head . tms_cstime ) / (double )tck ));
return (0 );
} (
再次運(yùn)行輸出:
引用
beyes@beyes-groad:~$ ./time.exe
head_time is : 17184643.070000
end_time is : 17184644.280000
user time is : 1.200000
systime time is : 0.000000
child user time is : 0.000000
child sys time is : 0.000000
由于使用了大量的延遲,這時(shí)可以看到 user time 里耗費(fèi)了 1.2s ,而 end_time 和 head_time 的時(shí)間間隔為 1.21s 約等于 1.2s 。
再來(lái)修改一下代碼:
引用
#include sys/types.h
#include sys/stat.h
#include stdio.h
#include unistd.h
#include stdlib.h
#include fcntl.h
#include sys/times.h
int main ()
{
struct tms time_buf_head , time_buf_end ;
long tck = 0 ;
clock_t time_head , time_end ;
int i ;
int j ;
tck = sysconf (_SC_CLK_TCK );
time_head = times ( time_buf_head );
printf ("head_time is : %f \n " , time_head / (double )tck );
for (i = 0 ; i 1000 ; i ++ )
for (j = 0 ; j 1000 ; j ++ ) {
open ("Cannon-1.txt" , O_RDONLY );
}
time_end = times ( time_buf_end );
printf ("end_time is : %f \n " , time_end / (double )tck );
printf ("user time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_utime - time_buf_head . tms_utime ) / double )tck ));
printf ("systime time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_stime - time_buf_head . tms_stime ) / (double )tck ));
printf ("child user time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_cutime - time_buf_head . tms_cutime ) / (double )tck ));
printf ("child sys time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_cstime - time_buf_head . tms_cstime ) / (double )tck ));
return (0 );
}
(
運(yùn)行輸出:
引用
beyes@beyes-groad:~$ ./time.exe
head_time is : 17189923.210000
end_time is : 17189923.650000
user time is : 0.160000
systime time is : 0.280000
child user time is : 0.000000
child sys time is : 0.000000
在上面的輸出中可以看到,systime time 這時(shí)不再為 0,這是因?yàn)槌绦蛑惺褂昧?open() 這個(gè)系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的結(jié)果,它在兩個(gè) for 循環(huán)里一共被調(diào)用了 1000*1000次,總耗時(shí)為0.28s ,而執(zhí)行這兩個(gè) for 的時(shí)間為 0.16s ,兩個(gè)時(shí)間加起來(lái)的時(shí)間間隔正好為 end_time - head_time = 0.44s 。
下面測(cè)試子進(jìn)程的時(shí)間,也就是 child user time 和 child sys time 兩個(gè)。這里,需要另外一個(gè)程序,它的主要作用就是和上面一樣的調(diào)用 open() 打開一個(gè)在本目錄下的一文本文件,代碼如下:
引用
#include stdio.h
#include sys/types.h
#include sys/stat.h
#include fcntl.h
int main ()
{
int i ;
int j ;
for (i = 0 ; i 1000 ; i ++ )
for (j = 0 ; j 1000 ; j ++ ) {
open ("Cannon-1.txt" , O_RDONLY );
}
return (0 );
}
上面的程序命名為 time_test.exe ,它會(huì)在主程序里被 system() 函數(shù)調(diào)用到,修改主程序如下:
引用
#include sys/types.h
#include sys/stat.h
#include stdio.h
#include unistd.h
#include stdlib.h
#include fcntl.h
#include sys/times.h
int main ()
{
struct tms time_buf_head , time_buf_end ;
long tck = 0 ;
clock_t time_head , time_end ;
int i ;
int j ;
tck = sysconf (_SC_CLK_TCK );
time_head = times ( time_buf_head );
printf ("head_time is : %f \n " , time_head / (double )tck );
system ("./time_test.exe" );
time_end = times ( time_buf_end );
printf ("end_time is : %f \n " , time_end / (double )tck );
printf ("user time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_utime - time_buf_head . tms_utime ) / double )tck ));
printf ("systime time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_stime - time_buf_head . tms_stime ) / (double )tck ));
printf ("child user time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_cutime - time_buf_head . tms_cutime ) / (double )tck ));
printf ("child sys time is : %f \n " , ((time_buf_end . tms_cstime - time_buf_head . tms_cstime ) / (double )tck ));
return (0 );
} (
運(yùn)行輸出:
引用
beyes@beyes-groad:~$ ./time.exe
head_time is : 17190766.590000
end_time is : 17190767.060000
user time is : 0.000000
systime time is : 0.000000
child user time is : 0.140000
child sys time is : 0.300000
由上可見(jiàn),child user time 和 child sys time 兩者的時(shí)間也是為 0.44s,這和上面是一樣的,這是因?yàn)槌绦虻膬?nèi)容相同。
C語(yǔ)言大師請(qǐng)給我寫一個(gè)c程序用來(lái)測(cè)試我機(jī)器CPU滿負(fù)荷工作
這個(gè)一般不能做到。
一般的C語(yǔ)言編譯器會(huì)限制程序的資源使用量(如CPU不超過(guò)40%),超過(guò)設(shè)定時(shí),編譯出來(lái)的程序會(huì)提示“未響應(yīng)”而停止工作,不會(huì)造成電腦滿負(fù)荷工作的情況。
實(shí)現(xiàn)滿負(fù)荷工作可以用一些拷機(jī)軟件,比如Super?PI,來(lái)測(cè)試處理器的性能。
但對(duì)于時(shí)間的記錄,可以運(yùn)用time.h的函數(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),用法如下:
time_t?start,end;??
start?=time(NULL);//or?time(start);??
//計(jì)時(shí)中
end?=time(NULL);??
printf("time=%d\n",difftime(end,start));
這里的輸出單位為秒。如要精確到毫秒的計(jì)時(shí),可以調(diào)用clock():
clock_t?start,end;??
start?=?clock();??
//計(jì)時(shí)中?
end?=?clock();??
printf("time=%f\n",(double)end-start)/CLK_TCK);
這里end和start得到的是計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)鐘的tick數(shù),換算成毫秒需要除以常數(shù)CLK_TCK,換算成秒除以常數(shù)CLK_TCKCLOCKS_PER_SEC。
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詳情查閱msdn
名稱欄目:耗費(fèi)cpu的c語(yǔ)言函數(shù) 耗費(fèi)cpu的c語(yǔ)言函數(shù)怎么用
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