新聞中心
在開發(fā)中,我們經(jīng)常需要一些周期性的操作,例如每隔幾分鐘就進(jìn)行某一項(xiàng)操作。這時(shí)候我們就要去設(shè)置個(gè)定時(shí)器,Java中最方便、最高效的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式是用java.util.Timer工具類,再通過調(diào)度java.util.TimerTask任務(wù)。
創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)專注于企業(yè)營銷型網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)站重做改版、石柱土家族網(wǎng)站定制設(shè)計(jì)、自適應(yīng)品牌網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、H5開發(fā)、商城網(wǎng)站開發(fā)、集團(tuán)公司官網(wǎng)建設(shè)、外貿(mào)網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、高端網(wǎng)站制作、響應(yīng)式網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計(jì)等建站業(yè)務(wù),價(jià)格優(yōu)惠性價(jià)比高,為石柱土家族等各大城市提供網(wǎng)站開發(fā)制作服務(wù)。
Timer是一種工具,線程用其安排以后在后臺(tái)線程中執(zhí)行的任務(wù)??砂才湃蝿?wù)執(zhí)行一次,或者定期重復(fù)執(zhí)行。實(shí)際上是個(gè)線程,定時(shí)調(diào)度所擁有的TimerTasks。
TimerTask是一個(gè)抽象類,它的子類由Timer安排為一次執(zhí)行或重復(fù)執(zhí)行的任務(wù)。實(shí)際上就是一個(gè)擁有run方法的類,需要定時(shí)執(zhí)行的代碼放到run方法體內(nèi)。
java在jdk1.3中推出了定時(shí)器類Timer,而后在jdk1.5后由DouLea從新開發(fā)出了支持多線程的ScheduleThreadPoolExecutor,從后者的表現(xiàn)來看,可以考慮完全替代Timer了。
Timer與ScheduleThreadPoolExecutor對(duì)比:
1.Timer始于jdk1.3,其原理是利用一個(gè)TimerTask數(shù)組當(dāng)作隊(duì)列,將所有定時(shí)任務(wù)添加到此隊(duì)列里面去。然后啟動(dòng)一個(gè)線程,當(dāng)隊(duì)列為空時(shí),此線程會(huì)阻塞,當(dāng)隊(duì)列里面有數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),線程會(huì)去除一個(gè)TimerTask來判斷
是否到時(shí)間需要運(yùn)行此任務(wù),如果運(yùn)行時(shí)間小于或等于當(dāng)前時(shí)間時(shí)則開始運(yùn)行任務(wù)。由于其單線程的本質(zhì),所以會(huì)帶來幾個(gè)問題(詳細(xì)代碼在后面):
第一,當(dāng)我們添加到定時(shí)器中的任務(wù)比較耗時(shí)時(shí),由于此定時(shí)器是單線程順序執(zhí)行定時(shí)器任務(wù),所以會(huì)影響后續(xù)任務(wù)的按時(shí)執(zhí)行。
Java代碼
//問題一示例: m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime(), 1000, 5000); m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskNormal(), 5000, 3000); 運(yùn)行結(jié)果: 14:44:29: timer is sleeping 10 seconds 14:44:39: Task Normal executed 14:44:39: timer is sleeping 10 seconds 14:44:49: Task Normal executed 14:44:49: Task Normal executed 14:44:49: timer is sleeping 10 seconds 結(jié)果分析:TaskNormal任務(wù)無法保證3秒運(yùn)行一次,其只能等待TaskUseLongTime運(yùn)行結(jié)束后才可以。
第二,Timer中的線程僅僅會(huì)捕獲InterruptedException異常,所以如果我們自定義的定時(shí)任務(wù)里面沒有捕獲可能出現(xiàn)的異常而導(dǎo)致異常拋出后,
//問題二示例: m_timer.schedule(new TaskThrowException(), 1000); m_timer.schedule(new TaskNormal(), 2000); 運(yùn)行結(jié)果: 14:47:37: Throw exception Exception in thread "Timer-0" java.lang.RuntimeException at timer_test.TimerTest$TaskThrowException.run(TimerTest.java:85) at java.util.TimerThread.mainLoop(Timer.java:512) at java.util.TimerThread.run(Timer.java:462) 結(jié)果分析: 當(dāng)前一個(gè)任務(wù)拋出異常后,后面的TaskNormal任務(wù)無法繼續(xù)運(yùn)行
會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們的Timer線程停止,從而另后續(xù)的任務(wù)無法執(zhí)行。
第三,其無法處理多個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的定時(shí)任務(wù)
//問題三示例: m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime("timer1"), 1000, 15000); m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime("timer2"), 1000, 15000); 運(yùn)行結(jié)果: 14:50:16: timer1 is sleeping 10 seconds 14:50:26: timer2 is sleeping 10 seconds 14:50:36: timer2 is sleeping 10 seconds 結(jié)果分析: 我的啟動(dòng)時(shí)間均是1秒以后,但是timer1和timer2啟動(dòng)的時(shí)間明顯不一致
代碼示例:
package timer_test; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Timer; import java.util.TimerTask; public class TimerTest { private final Timer m_timer = new Timer(); public static void main(String[] args) { new TimerTest().test(); } public void test() { //問題一示例: m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime(), 1000, 5000); m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskNormal(), 5000, 3000); //問題二示例: // m_timer.schedule(new TaskThrowException(), 1000); // m_timer.schedule(new TaskNormal(), 2000); //問題三示例: // m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime("timer1"), 1000, 5000); // m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime("timer2"), 1000, 5000); } private class TaskUseLongTime extends TimerTask { private String m_taskName = "timer"; public TaskUseLongTime(){ } public TaskUseLongTime(String taskName) { m_taskName = taskName; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(getCurrentTime()+": "+m_taskName+" is sleeping 10 seconds"); Thread.sleep(10000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } } private class TaskNormal extends TimerTask { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(getCurrentTime()+": Task Normal executed"); } } private class TaskThrowException extends TimerTask { @Override public void run() { System.out.println(getCurrentTime()+": Throw exception"); throw new RuntimeException(); } } private String getCurrentTime() { return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()); } }
2.ScheduleThreadPoolExecutor
ScheduleThreadPoolExecutor始于jdk1.5,是由DouLea先生編寫的,其利用ThreadPoolExecutor和DelayQueue巧妙的結(jié)合完成了多線程定時(shí)器的實(shí)現(xiàn),解決了Timer中由于單線程而導(dǎo)致的上述三個(gè)缺陷。
問題一中的問題是因?yàn)閱尉€程順序執(zhí)行導(dǎo)致后續(xù)任務(wù)無法按時(shí)完成,我們看到多線程可以很容易的解決此問題,同時(shí)我們注意到TaskUseLongTime的執(zhí)行時(shí)間為10s(請(qǐng)看后續(xù)代碼),我們定時(shí)任務(wù)間隔是5秒,但是從結(jié)果中發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的任務(wù)執(zhí)行間隔卻是10秒,所以我們可以判斷ScheduleThreadPoolExecutor是采用每線程每任務(wù)的模式工作的。
//問題一: m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime(), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskNormal(), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); 運(yùn)行結(jié)果: 14:54:37: Task Normal executed 14:54:37: timer is sleeping 10 seconds 14:54:42: Task Normal executed 14:54:47: Task Normal executed 14:54:47: timer is sleeping 10 seconds 14:54:52: Task Normal executed
問題二中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)拋出異常的任務(wù)執(zhí)行后不影響其他任務(wù)的運(yùn)行,同時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在運(yùn)行結(jié)果里面沒有將我們的異常拋出,這是因?yàn)镾cheduleThreadPoolExecutor類在執(zhí)行完定時(shí)任務(wù)后會(huì)返回一個(gè)ScheduledFuture運(yùn)行結(jié)果,不論結(jié)果是順利完成還是有異常均會(huì)保存在這里。
//問題二: m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskThrowException(), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskNormal(), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); 運(yùn)行結(jié)果: 14:58:36: Throw exception 14:58:36: Task Normal executed 14:58:41: Task Normal executed 14:58:46: Task Normal executed 14:58:51: Task Normal executed 14:58:56: Task Normal executed
問題三由于是多線程所以我們可以保證我們的定時(shí)任務(wù)可以同時(shí)執(zhí)行
//問題三: m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime("timer1"), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime("timer2"), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); 運(yùn)行結(jié)果: 15:01:12: timer1 is sleeping 10 seconds 15:01:12: timer2 is sleeping 10 seconds 15:01:22: timer2 is sleeping 10 seconds 15:01:22: timer1 is sleeping 10 seconds 15:01:32: timer1 is sleeping 10 seconds 15:01:32: timer2 is sleeping 10 seconds
詳細(xì)代碼:
package timer_test; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class ScheduleThreadPoolExecutorTest { private final ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor m_timer = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(10); public static void main(String[] args) { ScheduleThreadPoolExecutorTest timerTest = new ScheduleThreadPoolExecutorTest(); timerTest.test(); try { Thread.sleep(100000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } finally { timerTest.shutdown(); } } public void shutdown() { m_timer.shutdown(); } public void test() { //問題一: // m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime(), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); // m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskNormal(), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); //問題二: // m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskThrowException(), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); // m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskNormal(), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); //問題三: m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime("timer1"), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); m_timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TaskUseLongTime("timer2"), 1000, 5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); } private class TaskUseLongTime implements Callable, Runnable { private String m_taskName = "timer"; private TaskUseLongTime(){ } private TaskUseLongTime(String taskName) { m_taskName = taskName; } public void run() { try { System.out.println(getCurrentTime()+": "+m_taskName+" is sleeping 10 seconds"); Thread.sleep(10000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } public Integer call() throws Exception { run(); return 0; } } @SuppressWarnings("unused") private class TaskNormal implements Callable , Runnable { public Integer call() throws Exception { run(); return 0; } public void run() { System.out.println(getCurrentTime()+": Task Normal executed"); } } @SuppressWarnings("unused") private class TaskThrowException implements Callable , Runnable { public Integer call() throws Exception { System.out.println(getCurrentTime()+": Throw exception"); throw new RuntimeException(); } public void run() { System.out.println(getCurrentTime()+": Throw exception"); throw new RuntimeException(); } } private String getCurrentTime() { return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()); } }
總結(jié)
以上就是本文關(guān)于淺談java定時(shí)器的發(fā)展歷程的全部內(nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。感興趣的朋友可以繼續(xù)參閱本站:
Java實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡單的定時(shí)器代碼解析
Java多線程定時(shí)器Timer原理及實(shí)現(xiàn)
java定時(shí)器timer的使用方法代碼示例
如有不足之處,歡迎留言指出。感謝朋友們對(duì)本站的支持!
文章名稱:淺談java定時(shí)器的發(fā)展歷程
路徑分享:http://fisionsoft.com.cn/article/iejesh.html